Pidotimod in paucisymptomatic SARS-CoV2 infected patients Pidotimod in COVID-19
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immunomodulatory, COVID-19, treatment, safety
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References
[1] Cheng VCC, Wong SC, Chen JHK, Yip CCY, Chuang VWM, et al. Escalating infection control response to the rapidly evolving epidemiology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 in Hong Kong. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020 May;41(5):493-498. doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.58. Epub 2020 Mar 5.
[2] Helmy YA, Fawzy M, Elaswad A, Sobieh A, Kenney SP et al. The COVID-19 P VID-19 Pandemic: A Compr andemic: A Comprehensiv ehensive Review of T view of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control. J Clin Med. 2020;9(4)
[3] Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, et al. Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Mar 13. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994. [Epub ahead of print]
[4] Barone M, Ucciferri C, Cipollone G, Mucilli F. Recombinant Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Theoretical or a Real Resource?. EJMO. 2020; 4(2): 139-140
[5] Panigrahy D, Gilligan MM, Huang S, Gartung A, Cortés-Puch I, et al. Inflammation resolution: a dual-pronged approach to averting cytokine storms in COVID-19? Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2020 May 8. doi: 10.1007/s10555-020-09889-4. [Epub ahead of print]
[6] Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun. 2020 May;109:102433. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433. Epub 2020 Feb 26.
[7] Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Apr;8(4):420-422. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X. Epub 2020 Feb 18.
[8] Puggioni F, Alves-Correia M, Mohamed MF, Stomeo N, Mager R, et al. Immunostimulants in respiratory diseases: focus on Pidotimod. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2019 Nov 4;14:31. doi: 10.1186/s40248-019-0195-2. eCollection 2019.
[9] Borghi, MO, Fain, C, Barcellini, W, Del Papa, N, La Rosa, L, Nicoletti, F, Uslenghi, C, Meroni, PL. Ex vivo effect of pidotimod on peripheral blood mononuclear cell immune functions: Study of an elderly population. Int J Immunotherapy 1994; 10: 35–9
[10] Gourgiotis D, Papadopoulos NG, Bossios A, Zamanis P, Saxoni-Papageorgiou P. Immune modulator pidotimod decreases the in vitro expression of CD30 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of atopic asthmatic and normal children. J Asthma. 2004;41:285–7
[11] Carta S, Silvestri M, Rossi GA. Modulation of airway epithelial cell functions by Pidotimod: NF-kB cytoplasmatic expression and its nuclear translocation are associated with an increased TLR-2 expression. Ital J Pediatr. 2013; 39:29
[12] Welliver, R. Charles, Roberto P Garofalo and Pearay L. Ogra. Beta-chemokines, but neither T helper type 1 nor T helper type 2 cytokines, correlate with severity of illness during respiratory syncytial virus infection. The Pediatric infectious disease journal.2002; 21(5): 457-61 .
[13] Fogli M, Caccuri F, Iaria ML, Giagulli C, Corbellini S, Campilongo F, et al. The immunomodulatory molecule pidotimod induces the expression of the NOD-like receptor NLRP12 and attenuates TLR-induced inflammation. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2014;28:753–766
[14] Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ; HLH Across Speciality Collaboration, UK. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1033-1034. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0. Epub 2020 Mar 16.
[2] Helmy YA, Fawzy M, Elaswad A, Sobieh A, Kenney SP et al. The COVID-19 P VID-19 Pandemic: A Compr andemic: A Comprehensiv ehensive Review of T view of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control. J Clin Med. 2020;9(4)
[3] Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, et al. Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Mar 13. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994. [Epub ahead of print]
[4] Barone M, Ucciferri C, Cipollone G, Mucilli F. Recombinant Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Theoretical or a Real Resource?. EJMO. 2020; 4(2): 139-140
[5] Panigrahy D, Gilligan MM, Huang S, Gartung A, Cortés-Puch I, et al. Inflammation resolution: a dual-pronged approach to averting cytokine storms in COVID-19? Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2020 May 8. doi: 10.1007/s10555-020-09889-4. [Epub ahead of print]
[6] Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun. 2020 May;109:102433. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433. Epub 2020 Feb 26.
[7] Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Apr;8(4):420-422. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X. Epub 2020 Feb 18.
[8] Puggioni F, Alves-Correia M, Mohamed MF, Stomeo N, Mager R, et al. Immunostimulants in respiratory diseases: focus on Pidotimod. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2019 Nov 4;14:31. doi: 10.1186/s40248-019-0195-2. eCollection 2019.
[9] Borghi, MO, Fain, C, Barcellini, W, Del Papa, N, La Rosa, L, Nicoletti, F, Uslenghi, C, Meroni, PL. Ex vivo effect of pidotimod on peripheral blood mononuclear cell immune functions: Study of an elderly population. Int J Immunotherapy 1994; 10: 35–9
[10] Gourgiotis D, Papadopoulos NG, Bossios A, Zamanis P, Saxoni-Papageorgiou P. Immune modulator pidotimod decreases the in vitro expression of CD30 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of atopic asthmatic and normal children. J Asthma. 2004;41:285–7
[11] Carta S, Silvestri M, Rossi GA. Modulation of airway epithelial cell functions by Pidotimod: NF-kB cytoplasmatic expression and its nuclear translocation are associated with an increased TLR-2 expression. Ital J Pediatr. 2013; 39:29
[12] Welliver, R. Charles, Roberto P Garofalo and Pearay L. Ogra. Beta-chemokines, but neither T helper type 1 nor T helper type 2 cytokines, correlate with severity of illness during respiratory syncytial virus infection. The Pediatric infectious disease journal.2002; 21(5): 457-61 .
[13] Fogli M, Caccuri F, Iaria ML, Giagulli C, Corbellini S, Campilongo F, et al. The immunomodulatory molecule pidotimod induces the expression of the NOD-like receptor NLRP12 and attenuates TLR-induced inflammation. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2014;28:753–766
[14] Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ; HLH Across Speciality Collaboration, UK. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1033-1034. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0. Epub 2020 Mar 16.