OLDER ADULTS WITH PH NEGATIVE ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA: A MONOCENTRIC EXPERIENCE ON CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS AGED MORE THAN 55 YEARS Older Adults with Ph Negative Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Main Article Content
Keywords
acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Ph negative, elderly patients, intensive treatment
Abstract
Background: Treating with curative intent elderly patients affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an unmet clinical need. Comorbidities, lower tolerance to organ toxicities, and poor disease-related prognostic features make it difficult to cure these patients.
Objectives: To analyze the outcome of ALL elderly patients aged over 55 years treated intensively or with the best supportive care (BSC) over the last 20 years.
Downloads
Abstract 597
PDF Downloads 228
Suppl. Files Downloads 178
HTML Downloads 34
References
2. Guru Murthy GS, Venkitachalam R, Mehta P. Trends in survival outcomes of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia in elderly patients: analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Leuk Lymphoma. 2015; 56: 2296-2300
3. Siegel SE, Stock W, Johnson RH, Advani A, Muffly L, Douer D, Reed D, Lewis M, Freyer DR, Shah B, Luger S, Hayes-Lattin B, Jaboin JJ, Coccia PF, De Angelo DJ, Seibel N, Bleyer A. Pediatric-inspired treatment regimens for adolescents and young adults with Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a review. JAMA Oncol. 2018; 4: 725-734
4. De Angelo DJ, Stevenson KE, Dahlberg SE, Silverman LB, Couban S, Supko JC, Amrein PC Ballen K, Seftel MD, Turner AR, Leber B, Howson-Jan K, Kelly K, Cohen S, Mathews JH, Savoie L, Wadleigh M, Sirulnik LA, Galinsky I, Neuberg DS, Sallan SE, Stone RM. Long-term outcome of a pediatric-inspired regimen used for adults aged 18–50 years with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 2015; 29: 526-534
5. Carobolante F, Chiaretti S, Skert C, Bassan R. Practical guidance for the management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the adolescent and young adult population. Ther Adv Hematol. 2020; 11: 1-25
6. Huguet F; Leguay T, Raffoux E, Thomas X, Beldjord K, Delabesse E, Chevallier P, Buzyn A, Delannoy A, Chalandon Y, Vernant JP, Lafage-Pochitaloff M, Chassevent A, Lhéritier V, Macintyre E, Béné MC, Ifrah N, Dombret H. Pediatric-inspired therapy in adults with Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the GRAALL2003 study. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 911–918
7. Bassan R, Intermesoli T; Scottolin A, Viero P, Maino E, Sancetta R, Carobolante F, Gianni F, Stefanoni P, Tosi M, Spinelli O, Rambaldi A. Minimal residual disease assessment and risk-based therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2017; 17S: S2–S9
8. Della Starza I, Chiaretti S, De Propris MS, Elia L, Cavalli M, De Novi L, Soscia R, Messina M, Vitale A, Guarini A, Foà R. Minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: technical and clinical advances. Front Oncol, 2019; 9: 726
9. Soverini S, Bassan R, Lion T. Treatment and monitoring of Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia patients: recent advances and remaining challenges. J Hematol Oncol. 2019; 12: 39
10. Li L, Wang Y. Recent updates for antibody therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia Exp Hematol Oncol. 2020; 9: 33
11. Marks DI, Kirkwood AA, Rowntree CJ, Aguiar M, Bailey KE, Beaton B, Cahalin P Castleton AZ, Clifton-Hadley L, Copland M, Goldstone AH, Kelly R, Lawrie E, Lee SW, McMillan AK, McMullin MF Menne TF, Mitchell RJ, Moorman AV, Patel B, Pip P, Smith P, Taussig D, Yallop D, Zuborne Alapi K, Fielding AK. Addition of four doses of rituximab to standard induction chemotherapy in adult patients with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (UKALL14): a phase 3, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Haematol. 2022; 9(4): 262-275
12. Maury S, Chevret S, Thomas X, Heim D, Leguay T, Huguet F, Chevallier P, Hunault M, Boissel N, Escoffre-Barbe M, Hess U, Vey N, Pignon JM, Braun T, Marolleau JP, Cahn Y, Chalandon Y, Lhéritier V, Beldjord K, Béné MC, Ifrah N, Dombret H or GRAALL. Rituximab in B-lineage adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2011; 375(11): 1044-1053
13. Kantarjian HM, Stein A, Gökbuget N, Fielding AK, Schuh AC, Ribera JM, Wei A, Dombret H, Foà R, Bassan R, Arslan O, Sanz MA, Bergeron J, Demirkan F, Lech-Maranda E, Rambaldi A, Thomas X, Horst HA, Brüggemann M, Klapper W, Wood B, Fleishman A, Nagorsen D, Holland C, Zimmerman Z, Topp M. Blinatumomab versus chemotherapy for advanced acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2017; 376(9): 836-47
14. Kantarjian HM, DeAngelo DJ, Stelljes M, Martinelli G, Liedtke M, Stock W, Gökbuget N, O'Brien S, Wang K, Wang T, Paccagnella ML, Sleight B, Vandendries E, Advani A. Inotuzumab ozogamicin versus standard therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375(8): 740-53
15. Sant M, Minicozzi P, Mounier M, Anderson LA, Brenner H, Holleczek B, Marcos-Gragera R, Maynadié M, Monnereau A, Osca-Gelis G, Visser O, De Angelis R. EUROCARE-5 Working Group. Survival for haematological malignancies in Europe between 1997 and 2008 by region and age: results of EUROCARE-5; a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2014; 15: 931-942
16. Sawalha Y, Advani AS. Management of older adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Challenges & current approaches. Int J Hematol Oncol. 2018; 7(1)
17. Aldoss I, Forman SJ, Pullarkat V. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the Older Adult. J Oncol Pract. 2019; 15: 67-75.
18. Geyer MB, Hsu M, Devlin SM, Tallman MS, Douer D, Park JH. Overall survival among older US adults with ALL remains low despite modest improvement since 1980: SEER analysis. Blood. 2017; 129(13): 1878-1881
19. Moorman AV, Chilton L, Wilkinson J, Ensor HM, Bown N, Proctor, SJ. A population-based cytogenetic study of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2010; 115: 206-214
20. Stengel A, Schnittger S, Weissmann S, Kuznia S, Kern W, Kohlmann A, Haferlach T, Haferlach C. TP53 mutations occur in 15.7% of ALL and are associated with MYC-rearrangement; low hypodiploidy; and a poor prognosis. Blood. 2014; 124: 251-258
21. Ribera J, Morgades M, Zamora L, Montesinos P, Gómez-Seguí I, Pratcorona M, Sarrà J, Guàrdia R, Nomdedeu J, Tormo M, Martínez-Lopez J, Hernández-Rivas JM, González-Campos J Barba P, Escoda L, Genescà E, Solé F, Millá F, Feliu E,Josep-Maria Ribera JM. Spanish PETHEMA Group and the Spanish Society of Hematology et al. Prognostic significance of copy number alterations in adolescent and adult patients with precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia enrolled in PETHEMA protocols. Cancer.2015; 121: 3809-3817
22. Creasey T, Barretta E, Ryan SA, Butler E, Kirkwood A, Leongamornlert D, Papaemmanuil E, Patrick P, Clifton-Hadley L, Patel B, Menne T, McMillan AK, Harrison CJ, Rowntree CJ, Morley N, Marks DI, Fielding AK, Moorman VA. Genetic and genomic analysis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in older adults reveals a distinct profile of abnormalities: analysis of 210 patients from the UKALL14 and UKALL60+ clinical trials. Haematologica. 2022; 107(9): 2051-2063
23. Gokbuget N. Treatment of Older Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Drugs Aging. 2018; 35: 11-26
24. Bene MC, Castoldi G, Knapp W, Ludwig WD, Matutes E, Orfao A, Van't Veer MB. Proposals for the immunological classification of acute leukemias: European Group for the Immunological Characterization of Leukemias (EGIL). Leukemia. 1995; 9: 1783-1786
25. International System for Cytogenetic Nomenclature. Guidelines for Cancer Cytogenetics. Supplement to: An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature. Memphis: Felix Mitelmann; 1995
26. Gabert J, Beillard E, van der Velden VH, Bi W, Grimwade D, Pallisgaard N, Barbany G, Cazzaniga G, Cayuela JM, Cavé H, Pane F, Aerts JL, De Micheli D, Thirion X, Pradel V, González M, Viehmann S, Malec M, Saglio G, van Dongen JJ. Standardization and quality control studies of “real-time” quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of fusion gene transcripts for residual disease detection in leukemia: A Europe Against Cancer program. Leukemia. 2003; 17: 2318- 2357
27. Van Dongen JJ, Langerak AW, Brüggemann M, Evans PA, Hummel M, Lavender FL, Delabesse E, Davi F, Schuuring E, García-Sanz R, van Krieken JH, Droese J, González D, Bastard C, White HE, Spaargaren M, González M, Parreira A, Smith JL, Morgan GJ, Kneba M, Macintyre EA. Design and standardization of PCR primers and protocols for detection of clonal immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene recombinations in suspect lymphoproliferations: report of the BIOMED-2 Concerted Action BMH4-CT98-3936. Leukemia 2003; 17: 2257-2317
28. Brüggemann M, van der Velden VH, Raff T, Droese J, Ritgen M, Pott C, Wijkhuijs AJ, Gokbuget N, Hoelzer D, van Wering ET, van Dongen JJM, Knebal M. Rearranged T-cell receptor beta genes represent powerful targets for quantification of minimal residual disease in childhood and adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2004; 18: 709-719
29. Verhagen OJ, Willemse MJ, Breunis WB, Wijkhuijs AJ, Jacobs DC, Joosten SA, van Wering ER, van Dongen JJ, van der Schoot CE. Application of germline IGH probes in real-time quantitative PCR for the detection of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2000; 14: 1426-1435.
30. Van der Velden VH, Wijkhuijs JM, Jacobs DC, van Wering ER, van Dongen JJ. T cell receptor gamma gene rearrangements as targets for detection of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia by real-time quantitative PCR analysis. Leukemia 2002; 16: 1372-1380
31. Van der Velden VH, Cazzaniga G, Schrauder A, Hancock J, Bder P, Panzer-Grumayer ER, Flohr T, Sutton R, Cave H, Madsen HO, Cayela JM, Trka J, Eckert C, Foroni L, Stadt UZ, Beldjord K, Raff T, van der Schoot CE, van Dongen JJM. European Study Group on MRD detection in ALL (ESG-MRD-ALL). Analysis of minimal residual disease by Ig/TCR gene rearrangements: guidelines for interpretation of real-time quantitative PCR data. Leukemia 2007; 21: 304-611
32. Hoelzer D, Bassan R, Dombret H, Fielding A, Ribera JM, Buske C, on behalf of the ESMO Guidelines Committee. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in adult patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology 2016; 00: 1-14
33. Bassan R, Spinelli O, Oldani E, Intermesoli T, Tosi M, Peruta B, Rossi G, Borlenghi E, Pogliani EM, Terruzzi E, Fabris P, Cassibba V, Lambertenghi-Deliliers G, Cortelezzi A, Bosi A, Gianfaldoni G, Ciceri F, Bernardi M, Gallamini A, Mattei D, Di Bona E, Romani C, Scattolin AM, Barbui T, Rambaldi A. Improved risk classification for risk-specific therapy based on the molecular study of minimal residual disease (MRD) in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Blood 2009; 113(18): 4153-62
34. Bassan R, Pavoni C, Intermesoli T, Spinelli O, Tosi M, Audisio E, Marmont F, Cattaneo C, Borlenghi E, Cortelazzo S, Cavattoni I, Fumagalli M, Mattei D, Romani C, Cortelezzi A, Fracchiolla N, Ciceri F, Bernardi M, Scattolin AM, Depaoli L, Masciulli A, Oldani E, Rambaldi A. Updated risk-oriented strategy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adult patients 18–65 years: NILG ALL 10/07. Blood Cancer Journal 2020; 10: 119
35. Smith BD, Smith GL, Hurria A, Hortobagyi GN, Buchholz TA. Future of cancer incidence in the United States: burdens upon an aging, changing nation. J. Clin. Oncol. 2009; 27(17): 2758-65
36. Vignetti M, Fazi P, Cimino G, Di Raimondo F, Ferrara F, Meloni G, Ambrosetti A, Quarta G, Pagano L, Rege-Cambrin G, Elia L, Bertieri R, Annino L, Foà R, Baccarani M, Mandelli F. Imatinib plus steroids induces complete remissions and prolonged survival in elderly Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients without additional chemotherapy: results of the GIMEMA LAL0201-B protocol. Blood. 2007; 109(9): 3676-8
37. Foa R, Vitale A, Vignetti M, Meloni G, Guarini A, De Propris MS, Elia L, Paoloni F, Fazi P, Cimino G, Nobile F, Ferrara F, Castagnola C, Sica S, Leoni P, Zuffa E, Fozza C, Luppi M, Candoni A, Iacobucci I, Soverini S, Mandelli F, Martinelli G, Baccarani M; GIMEMA Acute Leukemia Working Party. Dasatinib as first-line treatment for adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2011; 118(25): 6521–8
38. Ferrara F, Barosi G, Venditti A, Angelucci E, Gobbi M, Pane F, Tosi P, Zinzani P, Tura S. Consensus-based definition of unfitness to intensive and non-intensive chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia: a project of SIE, SIES and GITMO group on a new tool for therapy decision making. Leukemia. 2013; 27(5): 997-9
39. Ribera JM, García O, Gil C, Mercadal S, García-Cadenas I, Montesinos P, Barba P, Vives S, González-Campos J, Tormo M, Esteve J, López A, Moreno MJ, Ribera J, Alonso N, Bermúdez A, Amigo ML, Genescà E, García D, Vall-Llovera F, Bergua JM, Guàrdia R, Monteserín MC, Bernal T, Calbacho M, Martínez MP, Feliu E; PETHEMA Group. Comparison of intensive, pediatric-inspired therapy with non-intensive therapy in older adults aged 55-65 years with Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk. Res. 2018; 68: 79-84
40. Wenge D, Wethmar K, Klar CA, Kolve H, Sauer T, Angenendt L, Evers G, Call S, Kerkhoff A, Khandanpour C, Kessler T, Mesters R, Schliemann C, Mikesch JH, Reicherts C, Brüggemann M, Berdel WE, Lenz G, Stelljes M. Characteristics and Outcome of Elderly Patients (>55 Years) with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancers. 2022; 14(3): 565
41. Kozlowski P, Lennmyr E, Ahlberg L, Bernell P, Hulegardh E, Karbach H, Karlsson K, Tomaszewska-Toporska B, Astrom M, Hallbook H. Age but not Philadelphia positivity impairs outcome in older/elderly patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Sweden. Eur. J. Haematol. 2017; 99: 141-149
42. Tucci A, Ferrari S, Bottelli C, Borlenghi E, Drera M, Rossi G. A comprehensive geriatric assessment is more effective than clinical judgment to identify elderly diffuse large cell lymphoma patients who benefit from aggressive therapy. Cancer 2009; 115: 4547-53
43. Belotti A, Ribolla R, Cancelli V, Crippa C, Bianchetti N, Ferrari S, Bottelli C, Cattaneo C, Tucci A, De la Fuente Barrigon C, Rossi G. Transplant eligibility in elderly multiple myeloma patients: Prospective external validation of the international myeloma working group frailty score and comparison with clinical judgment and other comorbidity scores in unselected patients aged 65-75 years. Am J Hematol. 2020; 95(7): 759-765
44. Palumbo A, Bringhen S, Mateos MV, Larocca A, Facon T, Kumar SK, Offidani M, McCarthy P, Evangelista A, Lonial S, Zweegman S, Musto P, Terpos E, Belch A, Hajek R, Ludwig H, Stewart AK, Moreau P, Anderson K, Einsele H, Durie BG, Dimopoulos MA, Landgren O, San Miguel JF, Richardson P, Sonneveld P, Rajkumar SV. Geriatric assessment predicts survival and toxicities in elderly myeloma patients: an International Myeloma Working Group report. Blood. 2015; 125: 2068-74
45. Palmieri R, Oyhus M, Halpern A.B, Percival MM, Godwin CD, Becker PS, Walter RB. Accuracy of SIE/SIES/GITMO Consensus Criteria for unfitness to predict early mortality after intensive chemotherapy in adults with AML or other high-grade myeloid neoplasm. J Clin Oncol. 2020; 38(35): 4163-74.
46. Miller KC, Al-Kali A, Shah M, Hogan WJ, Elliott MA, Begna KH, Gangat N, Patnaik MM, Viswanatha DS, He R, Greipp PT, Sproat LZ, Foran JM, Litzow MR, Alkhateeb HB. Elderly acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A Mayo Clinic study of 124 patients. Leuk. Lymphoma. 2019; 60: 990–999
47. Gökbuget N, Viardot A, Steffen B, Hahn J, Spriewald B, Martin S, Raffel S, Teichmann LL, Trummer A, Alsdorf W, Morgner A, Schwartz S, Stelljes M, Vucinic V, Alakel N, Stoltefuß A, Baldus CD, Brüggemann M, Serve H, Hoelzer D. . Outcome of 841 Older Patients (>55 yrs) with Newly Diagnosed Ph/BCR-ABL Negative ALL Prospectively Treated According to Pediatric-Based, Age-Adapted GMALL Protocols. Blood. 2022;140:121-123
48. Perusini MA, Jad Sibai J, Atenafu EG, Bankar AMinden MD, Gupta V, Maze D, Davidson M, Chan S, Schimmer AD, Carpentier GR, Lucero JA, Andrews C, Kim DD, Yee K, Schuh AC, Sibai HReal-World Outcomes and Adverse Events of Elderly Patients with Ph-Negative Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated with a Pediatric-Inspired Protocol. Blood 2022; 140 (Supplement 1): 6039–6041.
49. Roth-Guepin G, Canaani J, Ruggeri A, Labopin M, Finke J, Cornelissen JJ, Delage J, Stuhler G, Rovira M, Potter M, Stadler M, Veelken H, Cahn JY, Collin M, Beguin Y, Giebel S, Nagler A, Mohty M. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients older than 60 years: a survey from the acute leukemia working party of EBMT. Oncotarget. 2017; 8(68): 2972–9
50. Giebel S, Labopin M, Houhou M, Caillot D, Finke J, Blaise D, Fegueux N, Ethell M, Cornelissen JJ, Forcade E, Yakoub-Agha I, Lussana F, Maertens J, Bourhis JH, Jindra P, Gorin NC, Nagler A, Mohty M. Autologous versus allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for older patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. An analysis from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. BMT. 2023; 58(4): 393-400
51. Salas MQ, Atenafu EG, Pasic I, Al-Shaibani E, Bascom O, Wilson L, Chen C, Law AD, Lam W, Novitzky-Basso I, Kim DDH, Gerbitz A, Viswabandya A, Michelis FV, Lipton JH, Mattsson J, Alibhai S, Kumar R. Impact of hematopoietic cell transplant frailty scale on transplant outcome in adults. BMT 2023; 58(3): 317-324
52. Wieduwilt MJ, Yin J, Kour O, Teske R, Stock W, Byrd K, Doucette K, Mangan J, Masters G, Mims A, Jamieson K, Dinner S, Bseiso A, Uy, G, Erba H, Litzow M, Stone R. Chemotherapy-free treatment with inotuzumab ozogamicin and blinatumomab for older adults with newly diagnosed, Ph-negative, CD22-positive, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Alliance A041703. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:7006
53. Advani AS, Moseley A, O’Dwyer KM, Wood BL, Fang M, Wieduwilt MJ, Aldoss I, Park JH, Klisovic RB, Baer MR, Stock W, Bhave RB, Othus M, et al: SWOG 1318: A phase II trial of blinatumomab followed by POMP maintenance in older patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:1574-1582
54. Stelljes M, Raffel S, Alakel N, Wäsch R, Kondakci M, Scholl S, Rank A, Hanel M, Spriewald B, Hanoun M, Martin S, Schwab K, Serve H, Reiser L, Knaden J, Pfeifer H, Marx J, Sauer T, Berdel WE, Lenz G, Brüggemann M, Gökbuget N, Wethmar K. Inotuzumab Ozogamicin as Induction Therapy for Patients Older Than 55 Years With Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative B-Precursor ALL. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42(3):273-282
55. Jabbour E, Short NJ, Senapati J, Jain N, Huang X, Daver N, DiNardo CD, Pemmaraju N, Wierda W, Garcia-Manero G, Montalban Bravo G, Sasaki K, Kadia TM, Khoury J, Wang S, Haddad FG, Jacob J, Garris R, Ravandi F, Kantarjian HM. Mini-hyper-CVD plus inotuzumab ozogamicin, with or without blinatumomab, in the subgroup of older patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia: long-term results of an open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet Hematology 2023; 10: 433-444
56. Chevallier P, Leguay T, Kim R, Delord M. Fractionated Inotuzumab Ozogamicin combined with Low-Intensity chemotherapy in older patients with newly diagnosed CD22+ Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-Negative B-Cell Precursor (BCP) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Results of the EWALL-INO Study. Blood. 2022;140:6114- 6116. 102.
57. Gökbuget N, Schwartz S, Faul C, Topp M, Subklewe M, Renzelmann A, Stoltefuss A, Hertenstein B Wilke A, Raffel S, Jäkel N, Vucinic V,Niemann DM, Reiser L, Serve H, Brüggemann M, and Viardot A, Dose reduced chemotherapy in sequence with Blinatumomab for newly diagnosed older patients with Ph/BCR::ABL negative B-precursor Adult Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): preliminary results of the GMALL Bold Trial. Blood 2023; 142 (Supplement 1): 964
58. Litzow MR, Sun Z, Paietta E, et al: Consolidation therapy with blinatumomab improves overall survival in newly diagnosed adult patients with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia in measurable residual disease negative remission: Results from the ECOG-ACRIN E1910 Randomized Phase III National Cooperative Clinical Trials Network Trial. Blood 2022; 140 (suppl 2):LBA-1
59. Tasian SK, Hurtz C, Wertheim GB, Bailey NG, Lim MS, Harvey RC, Chen IM, Willman CL, Astles R, Zebrowski A, Reshmi SC, Li MM, Frey NV, Luger SM, Carroll M, Perl AE. High incidence of Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia in older adults with B-ALL. Leukemia 2017;31(4):981-984
60. Aldoss I, Afkhami M, Yang D, Gu Z, Mokhtari S, Shahani S, Pourhassan H, Agrawal V, Koller P, Arslan S, Tomasian V, Al Malki MM, Artz A, Salhotra A, Ali H, Aribi A, Karamjeet S. Sandhu, Ball B, Otoukesh S, Amanam I, PS, Stewart FM, Curtin P, Smith E, Telatar M, Stein AS, Marcucci G, Forman JS, Nakamura R, Pullarkat V. High response rates and transition to transplant after novel targeted and cellular therapies in adults with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia with Philadelphia-like fusions. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:848-856