An unusual cause of anemia and encephalopathy
Main Article Content
Keywords
Multiple myeloma, encephalopathy, hyperammonemia
Abstract
The authors present here an interesting case of recent onset anemia that was associated with an encephalopathy of the unusual cause.Although severe anemia can theoretically result in anemic hypoxia and can then lead to hypoxic encephalopathy, it is not a primary cause of encephalopathy. More frequently anemia can contribute together with other multiple causes of encephalopathy, such as infections, metabolic abnormalities, trauma, hepatic dysfunction, hypertension, toxins.
Downloads
Abstract 2365
PDF Downloads 660
HTML Downloads 1423
References
1. Schluterman KO, Fassas AB, Van Hemert RL, Harik SI. Multiple myeloma invasion of the central nervous system. Arch Neurol. 2004;61:1423-29. doi:10.1001/archneur.61.9.1423, PMid:15364689
2. Lora-Tamayo J, Palom X, Sarrá J. Multiple myeloma and hyperammonemic encephalopathy: review of 27 cases. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2008;8:363-69. doi: 10.3816/CLM.2008.n.054, PMid:19064403
3. Kwan L, Wang C, Levitt L. Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy in Multiple Myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1674-75. PMid:12024007
4. Martinelli G, Peccatori F, Ullrich B, Ghielmini M, Roggero E, Goldhirsch A. Clinical manifestation of severe hyperammonaemia in patients with multiple myeloma. Ann Oncol. 1997;8:811. PMid:9332693
5. Matsuzaki H, Hata H, Sonoki T, Matsuno F, Kuribayashi N, Yoshida M, Nagasaki A, Murata H, Fujiyama S, Takatsuki K. Serum amino acid disturbance in multiple myeloma with hyperammonemia. Int J Haematol. 1995; 61:131-37. PMid:7599324
6. Holahan JR. Hyperammonemia: elevated ammonia levels in multiple myeloma. Am J Med. 2004;116:210-11. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.06.010, PMid:14749172
7. Talamo G, Cavallo F, Zangari M, Barlogie B, Lee CK, Pineda-Roman M, Kiwan E, Krishna S, Tricot G. Hyperammonemia and encephalopathy in patients with multiple myeloma. Am J Hematol. 2007; 82:414-15. PMid:17133420
8. Otsuki T, Yamada O, Sakaguchi H, Ichiki T, Kouguchi K, Wada H, Hata H, Yawata Y, Ueki A. In vitro excess ammonia production in human myeloma cell lines. Leukemia. 1998;12:1149-58. PMid:9665203
9. Pham A, Reagan JL, Castillo JJ. Multiple myeloma-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy: An entity associated with high in-patient mortality. Leuk Res. 2013;37:1229-32. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.07.014, PMid: 23932549