THE IMPACT OF HUMAN PLATELET ANTIGEN ALLELE ON ANTIPLATELET ANTIBODIES AND CRYOGLOBULINS IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS-ASSOCIATED IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA Human platelet antigen and immune thrombocytopenia

Main Article Content

Cih-En Huang
Yi-Yang Chen
Jung-Jung Chang
Yu-Ying Wu
Wei-Ming Chen
Ying-Hsuan Wang
Min-Chi Chen
Chang-Hsien Lu
Chung-Sheng Shi
Chih-Cheng Chen

Keywords

antiplatelet antibody, cryoglobulinemia, hepatitis C virus, human platelet antigen, immune thrombocytopenia

Abstract

Background


Human platelet antigens (HPAs) are alloantigens for antiplatelet alloantibodies and associated with the risk of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, few studies have investigated associations among HPAs, antiplatelet autoantibodies, and cryoglobulins.


Methods


We enrolled 43 patients with primary ITP, 47 with hepatitis C virus-associated ITP (HCV-ITP), 21 with hepatitis B virus-associated ITP (HBV-ITP), 25 controls with HCV, and 1013 normal controls including HPA data of 998 Taiwanese blood donors. We analyzed HPA allele frequencies including HPA1-6 and 15, antiplatelet antibodies binding to platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa, Ia/IIa, Ib/IX, IV, human leukocyte antigen class I, cryoglobulin IgG/A/M, and their associations with thrombocytopenia.


Results


In the whole ITP cohort, HPA2ab predicted a low platelet count. HPA2b was associated with the risk of developing ITP, but not with anti-GPIb/IX antibodies. HPA15b was correlated with multiple antiplatelet antibodies. In the primary ITP patients, HPA3b was correlated with cryoglobulin IgG/A/M. In contrast, in the HCV-ITP patients, HPA3b was correlated with anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies, HCV-ITP patients with anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies had a higher positive rate of cryoglobulin IgG and IgA caomparred with those without anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies. Similar to the antiplatelet antibodies, cryoglobulins were associated with clinical thrombocytopenia, especially cryoglobulin IgA. Furthermore, cryoglobulins in the HCV-ITP patients showed characteristics to antiplatelet antibodies. 


Conclusion


HPA alleles were associated with antiplatelet autoantibodies but had different impacts in the patients with primary ITP and HCV-ITP. The pathophysiology and characteristics of antiplatelet antibodies were different between these two groups. HCV-ITP was considered to be a symptom of mixed cryoglobulinemia in the HCV patients.

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