Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections among family replacement donors and voluntary non-remunerated blood donors during the COVID-19 pandemic in sub Saharan Africa family replacement donors and voluntary non-remunerated blood donors in transfusion transmissible infections
Main Article Content
Keywords
Blood donors, replacement donor, unpaid voluntary donor, transfusions transmissible infections, HBS, HIV, HCV
Abstract
Introduction : According to WHO, regular, voluntary, unpaid blood donors are the safest group of donors, as they have the lowest prevalence of blood transmitted infections. However, family/replacement blood donors is widely used in sub Saharan Africa and this practice was exacerbated during the COVID 19 pandemic. This study aimed to compare the seroprevalence of infectious markers in family replacement blood donors and voluntary non-remunerated blood donors during the COVID 19 pandemic in a country of sub Saharan Africa.
Materials and Methods
Blood donors received at the National Centre of Blood Transfusion (NBTC) of Dakar from August 1st to October 31th 2021, were included in this study. All donors completed a pre-donation questionnaire. Donors identity, epidemiological parameters, reasons for donation and laboratory results were collected in the Inlog® software of the NBTC. The serological tests for HBV, HIV and HCV were performed with chemiluminescence technology. The Rapid Plasma Reagent test was used to find out treponemal antibodies. The determination of ABO and Rh blood groups was performed using monoclonal antisera following classical hemagglutination test on a plate.
Results
A total of 5002 donors were collected during this COVID-19 pandemic period. Blood family/replacement donors represented 54.0% and new voluntary donors represented 52.6%. Comparison of HIV, HCV and syphilis markers seroprevalence showed no statistically significant difference between new voluntary donors and new family replacement donors (p>0.05). However, for HBV the seroprevalence was significantly higher in new family replacement donors (p=0,002).
Conclusion
The proper supply of blood was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic meanwhile replacement donations had contributed to limiting the damage observed with blood shortages. However, the significant differences noted on the seroprevalences of transfusion-transmissible infections between voluntary non-paid donors and family/replacement donors strengthens WHO recommendations for the selection of volunteer non-paid donors to lower transfusion-transmissible HBV in sub Saharan Africa.
Downloads
Abstract 833
PDF Downloads 325
HTML Downloads 81
References
2. Ogar CO, Okoroiwu HU, Obeagu EI, Etura JE, Abunimye DA. Assessment of blood supply and usage pre- and during COVID-19 pandemic: A lesson from non-voluntary donation. Transfus Clin Biol. févr 2021;28(1):68‑72. doi: 10.1016/j.tracli.2020.10.004
3. Shittu AO, Olawumi HO, Omokanye KO, Ogunfemi MK, Adewuyi JO. The True Status of Family Replacement Blood Donors in a Tertiary Hospital Blood Service in Central Nigeria. Africa Sanguine Dec 2019 , 21(2) : 11-14. url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214503320}
4. Ibrahim Y. A, Mona A. I, Abeer A. S, Mary R. The degree of safety of family replacement donors versus voluntary non-remunerated donors in an Egyptian population: a comparative study. Blood Transfus. 2014 Apr; 12(2): 159–165. doi: 10.2450/2012.0115-12
5. Mayaki Z, Dardenne N, Kabo R, Moutschen M, Sondag D, Albert A, and al. Séroprévalence des marqueurs infectieux chez les donneurs de sang à Niamey (Niger). Rev d’Épidémiologie Santé Publique. 2013 June ;61(3):233‑40. doi: 10.1016/j.respe.2012.12.018
6. Lushamba C J-PC, Bukombe WB, Kachelewa KB, Maheshe TB, Bisangamo CK. Transfusion Safety at Dr Rau/Ciriri Hospital, East of Democratic Republic of Congo. Annales des Sciences de la Santé.2018 , 1(19): 25-35. url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216870995}
7. Ankouane F, Noah Noah D, Atangana MM, Kamgaing SR ,Guekam PR , M. Biwolé MS. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C virus, HIV-1/2 et la syphilis chez les donneurs de sang à l'hôpital central de Yaoundé dans la région du centre du Cameroun. Transfus Clin Biol 2016, ;23(2):68‑72. doi: 10.1016/j.tracli.2015.11.008.
8. Mohamed Z, Kim JU, Magesa A, Kasubi M, Feldman SF, Chevaliez S, and al. High prevalence and poor linkage to care of transfusion-transmitted infections among blood donors in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. J Viral Hepat. 2019 June; 26(6):750. DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13073
9. R. Chakravarty, A. Chowdhury, S. Chaudhuri, A. Santra, M. Neogi, K. Rajendran, and al. Hepatitis B infection in Eastern Indian families: need for screening of adult siblings and mothers of adult index cases. Public Health, 119 (2005), pp. 647-654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2004.09.007
10. U. Dumpis, E. Charles Holmes, M. Mendy, A. Hill, M. Thursz, A. Hall, and al. Transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in Gambian families revealed by phylogenetic analysis.J Hepatol, 35 (2001), pp. 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(01)00064-2
Article Sidebar
Article Details
How to Cite
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Transfer of Copyright and Permission to Reproduce Parts of Published Papers. Authors will grant copyright of their articles to the Institute of Hematology, Catholic University, Rome . No formal permission will be required to reproduce parts (tables or illustrations) of published papers, provided the source is quoted appropriately and reproduction has no commercial intent. Reproductions with commercial intent will require written permission and payment of royalties.
David Motto, National Centre of Blood Transfusion (NCBT) of Dakar